Investigate connections among vertical frames

• Investigate connections among various vertical reference systems.
• At site where GPS and tide gauges are collocated we have:
1. Geodetic height h( from GPS )
2. Orthometric height H ( from vertical Geodetic Network )
3. Geoidal height N ( from a Geoidal model, or h - H )
4. Instantaneous sea level from tide gauge observations
5. Mean sea level from long term records( from Saint John tide gauge )
6. Chart datum ( given )
7. Instantaneous sea surface topography S

Ferry as a moving tide gauge

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